{"product_id":"strip-bare-shm-24","title":"Magic: The Gathering | Strip Bare [SHM - 24]","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStrip Bare | 24\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDestroy all Auras and Equipment attached to target creature.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSet: Shadowmoor\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRarity: Common\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCondition: Lightly Played\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLanguage: English\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wizards of the Coast","offers":[{"title":"Lightly Played \/ English \/ Normal","offer_id":52540922069279,"sku":"377598","price":0.25,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0715\/9080\/5791\/files\/18804.jpg?v=1778711976","url":"https:\/\/gnomegames.com\/products\/strip-bare-shm-24","provider":"Gnome Games","version":"1.0","type":"link"}